It is a disorder of central non-neurological origin and caused by physical injuries or malformations of the peripheral articulatory organs. Articulatory disorders that may appear in a dysglosia are due to organic alterations. Its origin can be congenital, usually due to craniofacial malformations, and it can also be acquired, when they are due to orofacial disorders or injuries, surgical interventions, and growth disorders.
Classification of dysglossia according to the organ affected.
1. Lipstick:
- Cleft lip
- Short upper lip frenulum
The altered phonemes are the bilabial m/p/b and the subsequent vowel sounds /o/ /u/
2. Linguals:
- Ankyloglossia (short frenulum)
- Glosectomy (removal of a piece of tongue)
3. MAndibular:
- Mandibular resections
- Jaw malformations
4. Palatal:
- Palatine cleft.
- The altered phonemes are /p-t-k-b-d-g/.
- Language delay
- Specific Language Disorder (SLD)
- Dysphemia/Stuttering
- Tachylalia/Tachyphemia
- Bradylalia/Bradyphemia
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- Mutism